Mar 28, 2024  
2019-2020 Catalog 
    
2019-2020 Catalog [ARCHIVED CATALOG]

Course Descriptions


Course Numbering System

The first digit in each course designation is intended to indicate the level of the course. In addition, the first digit also roughly indexes the student’s year of study at the University.
Courses numbered 001 to 099 are non-baccalaureate developmental courses.
Courses numbered 100 to 299 are lower-division.
Courses numbered 300 to 499 are upper-division.
Courses numbered 500 to 599 are graduate level, and may be taken by advanced upper-division, post-baccalaureate, or graduate students for undergraduate or graduate credit.
Courses numbered 600 to 699 are graduate level. These courses may be taken by undergraduate students only on an individual basis, and only with prior, case-by-case approval of the program director of the program offering the course (or his/her designee).
Courses numbered 700 to 799 are doctoral level.
Courses numbered 1000 and above not listed in this catalog because these are professional-level courses carrying University credit, which do not typically apply to credentials or degrees offered by the University. These courses are recorded on student transcripts.
Students should consult relevant sections of this catalog, as well as college and program advising staff, in order to determine which courses are appropriate for their level of study, and which courses satisfy degree requirements for various programs of study.
 

Biological Sciences

  
  • BIOL 338 - Human Impact on the Environment

    Units: 3
    Considers the major areas where human use of resources and consequent waste production (chemical, industrial, and biological) have had a negative impact on specific environments and on the species that inhabit them. An attempt will be made to identify areas of future adverse human impact and to evolve remedial solutions. Field trip(s) during or outside of class (including weekends) may be required.

    Satisfies GE area: BB
  
  • BIOL 339 - Conservation Biology

    Units: 3
    Study of the principles of ecology applied to plant and animal populations considered endangered, threatened, or at risk. Investigates the complex factors contributing to the dynamics, decline, extinction, and perhaps recovery of species. Develops a stewardship perspective rooted in biological principles and considers the associated cultural, historical, economic, and political issues. Local, regional, and global conservation strategies are discussed.

    Satisfies GE area: BB
  
  • BIOL 348 - Brain and Mind

    Units: 3


    Examines the relationship between the brain and the behavior produced by the brain. Intended for non-majors, this course will review basic neuroanatomy and physiology, and consider mind/brain relations in the context of psychoactive drugs, brain development, neurological disorders, sexual behavior, and cognitive abilities such as language, memory, thinking, and consciousness. Also offered as PSYC 361 . Students may not receive credit for both. May not be counted toward the Psychology Major or Minor.

      Enrollment Restrictions:

    Enrollment restricted to students who have completed the Lower-Division General Education requirement in Life Science (B2).

    Satisfies GE area: BB

  
  • BIOL 351 - Molecular Cell Biology

    Units: 5
    An integrated view of contemporary molecular biology, biochemistry, and cell biology. The fundamental principles of molecular biology including DNA replication, mechanisms and regulation of transcription and translation, and nucleic acid and protein structure and function will be presented and interwoven with some of the more traditional topics in cell biology and biochemistry. Examines the molecular basis of membrane structure and transport, cytoplasmic structure, and energy metabolism, organelle structure and function, cell motility, and cell-cell interaction and signal transduction. Three hours of lecture, one hour seminar. Three hours laboratory.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210 , BIOL 211 , and BIOL 215  with grades of C (2.0) or better, or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 352 - Genetics

    Units: 5


    Detailed study of classical transmission, molecular quantitative and population genetics. Included will be current observations and concepts of the nature, organization, function and regulation of the expression of genetic material. Subject matter includes mechanisms of genetic conveyance, recombination, mapping, mutation and repair, RNA and DNA viruses, karyotyping, human genetics, and genetics of organelles. Three hours lecture. One hour discussion. Three hours laboratory.

    Prerequisite(s): For Biochemistry Majors: BIOL 210 , BIOL 211  with grades of C (2.0) or better. 

    For Biology Majors: BIOL 210 , BIOL 211 , BIOL 212 , and BIOL 215  with grades of C (2.0) or better.

    For Biotechnology Majors: BIOL 210  ,BIOL 211 , and BIOL 215  with grades of C (2.0) or better.

    Or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.

  
  • BIOL 353 - Comparative Animal Physiology

    Units: 5
    A comparative survey of physiological adaptations including gas transport, metabolism, temperature and dehydration tolerance, and locomotion. Three hours of lecture. One hour of discussion. Three hours of laboratory.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210 , BIOL 211 , and BIOL 215  with grades of C (2.0) or better, or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 354 - Principles of Ecology

    Units: 5
    Discussion of major concepts in population, community, and evolutionary ecology including population growth and regulation, competition, predation, energetics, adaptations, and diversity. Three hours of lecture. One hour of discussion. Three hours of laboratory. Field trip(s) during or outside of class (including weekends) may be required.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210 , BIOL 211 , BIOL 212 , and BIOL 215  with grades of C (2.0) or better, or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 365 - Computing Skills for Biologists

    Units: 4
    An introduction to basic data management, computation, visualization, and programming as related to the biological sciences. Focuses on the use of spreadsheets as tools to solve computational problems that are commonly encountered by working biologists, including numerical optimization, curve fitting, randomization testing, bootstrapping, and stochastic simulation modeling.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210 , BIOL 211 , and BIOL 215 .
  
  • BIOL 367 - Biology of Microorganisms

    Units: 4
    Presents a comprehensive selection of subjects from the field of microbiology. Students will study prokaryotic structure and function; growth and control of microorganisms; ecology, physiology, and diversity of bacteria; basic microbial and viral genetics, microorganisms of medical and economic significance; and biotechnology and its human applications and societal implications. The laboratory component will employ research-oriented group activities, in addition to individual projects and assignments, and will engage students in the latest techniques utilized in the field of microbiology. Three hours of lecture. Three hours of laboratory.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210  and BIOL 211 .
  
  • BIOL 368 - Developmental Biology

    Units: 3
    An in-depth consideration of the processes involved in the development of multicellular organisms. Subjects covered include gametogenesis, fertilization, embryogenesis, cell-cell interactions, morphogenesis, differentiation, and developmental genetics. Recommended Preparation: Recommended Preparation: BIOL 351  and BIOL 352 .

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210  and BIOL 211 .
  
  • BIOL 368L - Developmental Biology Laboratory

    Units: 1
    Provides hands-on experience in techniques currently in use in developmental biology research. Techniques included may vary from year to year as changes in the field warrant. Model organisms are used such as sponges, slime mold, sea urchin, C. elegans, chicks, zebrafish, arabadopsis, and the fruit fly. Some techniques currently covered include cell-cell adhesion, in vitro fertilization, northern blotting, western blotting, and antibody based histochemical staining. Three hours laboratory. Recommended Preparation: Recommended Preparation: BIOL 351  and BIOL 352 .

    Prerequisite(s)/Corequisite(s): BIOL 368 .
  
  • BIOL 370 - Plant Physiology

    Units: 3
    An examination of the physiological processes that contribute to plant growth and development, including the underlying molecular and genetic mechanisms. Areas covered include primary metabolism, water and nutrient relations, plant hormones, and plant biotechnology applications. Recommended Preparation: Recommended Preparation: BIOL 351 .

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210  and BIOL 211 .
  
  • BIOL 370L - Plant Physiology Lab

    Units: 1
    Provides hands-on experience with classical and molecular techniques utilized in modern plant physiology research, such as plant transformation, tissue culture, nucleic acid isolation, enzyme activity assays, and plant/pathogen challenge assays (specific subjects may vary by semester). Three hours of laboratory.

    Prerequisite(s)/Corequisite(s): BIOL 370 .
  
  • BIOL 372 - Tissue Physiology and Structure

    Units: 3
    The physiology of tissues is intimately linked to their structure. Organ tissues out of homeostatic balance reflect consistent changes in their structure. Tissue physiology and structure explores the link between health and disease at the microscopic level by examining the interrelationship between micro-anatomical features and their function. Students will analyze the detailed structure and function of cells that comprise tissues, organs and organ systems, and how their structure dictates their specific physiological role in health and disease.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210  and BIOL 211 .
  
  • BIOL 372L - Tissue Physiology and Structure Lab

    Units: 1
    Students will examine detailed structure and function of cells and tissues, and how their structure dictates their specific physiological role. Techniques used to preserve, fix, stain and section tissues and pieces of organs for standard histological and pathological examination will be discussed, as well as specialized techniques (autoradiography, immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy, etc.). A comparison between normal tissues and pathological changes associated with homeostatic balance and disease will be examined. Students electing to take the laboratory will gain hands-on experience in collecting, embedding, sectioning and staining tissue sections.

    Prerequisite(s)/Corequisite(s): BIOL 372 .
  
  • BIOL 374 - Exercise Physiology and Bioenergetics

    Units: 3
    Examines the functional responses and adaptations that accompany acute and chronic exercise, particularly involving cardiovascular, metabolic, respiratory, endocrine, and muscular systems. Subject matter will include energy for physical activity, systems for energy delivery and utilization; training and enhancement of energy capacities; skeletal muscle energy balance, and health related aspects of exercise. Discussion of the instrumentation and techniques fundamental to exercise physiology and biochemistry will also be covered.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210  and BIOL 211 .
  
  • BIOL 375 - Endocrinology

    Units: 3
    A survey of hormone types with emphasis on vertebrate examples, their biochemical composition, and physiological interrelationships. A considerable part of the course will consider the molecular mechanisms of action.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210 , BIOL 211 , and CHEM 201 .
  
  • BIOL 379 - Invertebrate Biology

    Units: 4
    Introduction to the invertebrate phyla, with emphasis on structure, function, adaptations, life histories, evolution and the interdependence of form, physiology, and ecology. Laboratory study will emphasize marine invertebrates of the San Diego area. Three hours of lecture Field trip(s) during or outside of class (including weekends) may be required.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210  and BIOL 211 .
  
  • BIOL 380 - Comparative Animal Behavior

    Units: 3
    Experimental and theoretical investigations in animal behavior, including humans. Interspecies comparisons of sensory, motor, neural, and endocrine structures and functioning. Influence of genetic, biochemical/ hormonal, and neurological factors on animal behavior. Field trip(s) during or outside of class (including weekends) may be required.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210  and BIOL 211 .
  
  • BIOL 380L - Animal Behavior Laboratory and Field Methods

    Units: 1
    Provides students with an introduction to ethology, and hands-on application of field research methods and behavioral research project study design, implementation, and data analyses. Students will learn the basic principles of tracking and conduct observational studies of local wildlife. Optional field trips may be included.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210 , BIOL 211 , and BIOL 215 .
    Prerequisite(s)/Corequisite(s): BIOL 380 .
  
  • BIOL 381 - Plant Diversity

    Units: 3
    Introduction to the major taxonomic groupings of plants with emphasis on structure, function, adaptations, life histories, systematics, and evolution. Includes single cell to multicellular construction, water-to-land transition, structural adaptations, and trends in reproduction from cell division to simple sexual reproduction to well protected embryos and complex co-evolution of pollinators. Field trip(s) during or outside of class (including weekends) may be required.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210  and BIOL 211 .
  
  • BIOL 381L - Plant Diversity Laboratory

    Units: 1
    Provides hands-on experience examining plants representing the diversity of plant life, including live cultures and specimens, microscopic materials, video clips, and preserved collections. Students will learn how to identify major groupings and representative genera by their distinguishing characteristics. Students will also learn a variety of microscopic and macroscopic techniques that will be useful in plant identification. Field trip(s) during or outside of class (including weekends) may be required.

    Prerequisite(s)/Corequisite(s): BIOL 381 .
  
  • BIOL 382 - Biogeography

    Units: 3
    Introduction to the understanding of global biodiversity and the basis for geographic distribution patterns of individuals, populations and communities. The role of past geological and evolutionary events on these distributions will be considered. The considerable impact of humans on modern local to global range extensions will be studied including the basis for biological invasions.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210  and BIOL 211 .
  
  • BIOL 383 - Tropical Ecology

    Units: 3
    A survey of the unmanaged and managed tropical terrestrial ecosystem and the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors that affect tropical ecosystem structure and function. Emphasis will be on the community dynamics and biogeochemical cycling of tropical ecosystems, and how these processes are affected by land-use and land-cover change. BIOL 383 is dual-listed with BIOL 683 . These courses will be taught together by the same instructor. May not be taken for credit by students who have received credit for BIOL 683.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210 , BIOL 211 , and BIOL 212 .
  
  • BIOL 384 - Natural History of Southern California

    Units: 4
    Introduction to the natural history and community ecology of southern California. Major subjects include the climate, geology, and ecological factors that influence the local chaparral, coastal sage scrub, grassland, forest, desert, riparian, marsh, and estuarine communities of southern California. Three hours lecture Field trip(s) during or outside of class (including weekends) will be required.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210  and BIOL 211 .
  
  • BIOL 386 - Terrestrial Ecology

    Units: 3
    A survey of terrestrial ecosystems and the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors that affect ecosystem structure and function. Emphasis will be on the important mass (C, H2O nutrient) and energy (production and consumption) fluxes that flow into, out of, and through terrestrial ecosystems, and the plant-animal interactions that regulate the rates and magnitudes of these mass and energy flows. Field trip(s) during or outside of class (including weekends) may be required.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210  and BIOL 211 .
  
  • BIOL 386L - Terrestrial Ecology Laboratory

    Units: 1
    Provides students with an introduction to laboratory and research techniques for quantifying the interactions between C, H2O and nutrient cycles of terrestrial ecosystems. Students will conduct observational and sampling studies of local ecosystems and manipulative experiments in the field, laboratory, and/or greenhouse.

    Prerequisite(s)/Corequisite(s): BIOL 386 .
  
  • BIOL 387 - Ecological Processes in Aquatic Systems

    Units: 3
    Discusses the biological, physical, and chemical processes affecting marine and freshwater environments, and the interactions among these processes. Emphasis on productivity, nutrient dynamics, food webs, biogeochemical cycles and biogeography of pelagic systems. Concurrent enrollment in BIOL 387L  is recommended, but not required. Field trip(s) during or outside of class (including weekends) may be required.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210  and BIOL 211 .
    Corequisite(s): Concurrent enrollment in BIOL 387L  is recommended, but not required.
  
  • BIOL 387L - Aquatic Ecology Lab

    Units: 1
    Provides students with experience in laboratory and field methods used by oceanographers and limnologists to sample populations, measure rate processes, and quantify the aquatic environment.

    Prerequisite(s)/Corequisite(s): BIOL 387  or BIOL 388  or BIOL 389 .
  
  • BIOL 388 - Marine Communities

    Units: 3
    Examines the environmental characteristics, patterns of species distribution and abundance, and adaptations of organisms in marine benthic communities. Community structure and biological interactions including predation, competition, and symbiosis will be investigated in specific communities such as the rocky intertidal zone, lagoons, coral reefs, hydrothermal vents, and shallow polar seas. Human impacts on specific marine communities will be explored. Field trip(s) during or outside of class (including weekends) may be required.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210  and BIOL 211 .
  
  • BIOL 389 - Freshwater Biology

    Units: 3
    Introduction to the physical, chemical and biological processes in freshwater systems, including headwaters, streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, reservoirs, and vernal pools. Topics include biogeochemical cycling, controls on production, evolutionary selection, community patterns, population dynamics, and food web structure. Significant species in the open water and attached communities will be discussed regarding composition, environmental factors and role. Analyzes the impacts of using freshwaters for drinking water, irrigation, recreation, transportation, flood control, and power generation. Field trip(s) during or outside of class (including weekends) may be required.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210  and BIOL 211 .
  
  • BIOL 390 - Terrestrial Plant Ecology

    Units: 3
    Survey of the factors that influence the distribution and abundance of land (terrestrial) plants. Focuses on plant population dynamics (e.g., dispersal, germination, and recruitment), plant-plant and plant-animal interactions, and the effect of abiotic factors (e.g., climate, water, and nutrients) on the structure and function of terrestrial plant communities. BIOL 390 is dual-listed with BIOL 690 . These courses will be taught together by the same instructor. May not be taken for credit by students who have received credit for BIOL 690. Field trip(s) during or outside of class (including weekends) may be required.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210  and BIOL 211 .
  
  • BIOL 390L - Terrestrial Plant Ecology Laboratory

    Units: 1
    Provides students with an introduction to laboratory and research techniques in terrestrial plant ecology. Students will conduct experiments to investigate environmental controls on the physiology (including photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration), growth, and resource allocation of land plants. Students will learn standard research techniques in plant ecology and utilize technology specifically designed to quantify plant function. Experiments will be conducted in the laboratory and green house.

    Prerequisite(s)/Corequisite(s): BIOL 390 .
  
  • BIOL 391 - Fire Ecology

    Units: 3
    Covers an interdisciplinary review and study of wildfires as a natural and man-made biophysical and ecological process. Evaluates the costs and benefits of wildfires and prescribed burns as a tool for land management, and the implications for endangered species, habitat, soils, air quality, and watersheds. Explores fire history, and fire in the context of global environmental change. Addresses current issues in fire ecology in the Western U.S. and globally, including readings and discussions of recent scientific literature.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210 , BIOL 211  or enrollment in the Bachelor of Science in Wildfire Science and the Urban Interface program.
  
  • BIOL 392 - Natural Resource Management

    Units: 3
    Covers management of natural resources such as land, water, soil, plants and animals, with a particular focus on how management affects quality of life, ecosystems, and long-term sustainability. Reviews and evaluates how management decisions influence ecosystem health, with a specific emphasis on the impacts related to invasive species, disease, insects, climate change and wildfires. Covers timely and topical relevant readings from the primary literature, especially those dealing with the current state of our knowledge of natural resource management, ecology, and public policy.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210 , BIOL 211  or enrollment in the Bachelor of Science in Wildfire Science and the Urban Interface program.
  
  • BIOL 396 - Topics in Biology

    Units: 1-3
    Seminar reviewing current literature in a subject area of importance in biology. May be repeated for credit as topics change for a total of six 6 units. Students should check the Class Schedule for listing of actual topics.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210  and BIOL 211 .
  
  • BIOL 397 - Topics in Biology Lab

    Units: 1
    Laboratory experience that explores phenomena and techniques in the biological sciences. May be repeated for credit as topics change for a total of three (3) units. Students should check the Class Schedule for listing of actual topics.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210  and BIOL 211 .
  
  • BIOL 400 - Vertebrate Biology

    Units: 3
    Introduction to vertebrate animals, including overview of their evolution, systematics, anatomy, physiology, ecology and behavior. Major subjects will include, water-to-land transition, origins of amniotic egg, flight and endothermy, patterns of social organization and mating systems, and general life-history strategies. Courses will emphasize terrestrial vertebrates of the San Diego area. Field trip(s) during or outside of class (including weekends) may be required.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210 , BIOL 211 , and BIOL 212 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 400L - Vertebrate Biology Laboratory

    Units: 1
    Provides hands-on experience in identifying terrestrial vertebrates of Southern California. Using preserved specimens and interactive computer programs, students will learn to use and develop dichotomous species keys and to identify vertebrates by sight and sound. Students will design and conduct independent field research projects. Course will possibly include visits to local museums, zoos and aquaria. Field trip(s) during or outside of class (including weekends) may be required.

    Prerequisite(s)/Corequisite(s): BIOL 400 .
  
  • BIOL 401 - Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy

    Units: 4
    Comparison of similarities and differences among vertebrate groups on the basis of structure and function. Emphasis will be placed on the evolution and vertebrate structures, new roles for derived and ancestral characters, adaptation of new functions, relationship to life style, life history and evolutionary phylogeny. A major goal of this course is to generate a greater understanding of the evolutionary processes and concomitant structural changes that have occurred among vertebrates including humans. Laboratory study includes dissection, and analysis of organ systems, and evolutionary innovations among representative vertebrates. Three hours lecture

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210 , BIOL 211 , and BIOL 212 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 404 - Developmental Physiology

    Units: 3
    Provides an in-depth analysis of developmental physiology. Examples of many different animal groups will be used to convey important concepts in how animal function develops, how development is influenced by the environment, and how development in other animals can inform us about human development and disease. Covers the basics of developmental biology, the link between development, physiology and evolution, the interaction between the environment and physiology during development, phenotypic plasticity, and the development of physiological systems. BIOL 404 is dual-listed with BIOL 604 . These courses will be taught together by the same instructor. May not be taken for credit by students who have received credit for BIOL 604  or BIOL 486 -5.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 353 .
  
  • BIOL 404L - Developmental Physiology Lab

    Units: 1
    Provides hands-on experience with experimental techniques for examining developmental physiology across a range of animal groups. Will cover techniques in how to examine, stage and rear developing animals; assess phenotypic responses to altered environmental conditions; perform ecotoxicological assays; and measure morphology and physiology. Will include multi-week experiments to assess changes in physiology during development. Statistical analyses will be performed and experimental results will be presented in written and oral forms. Field trip(s) during or outside of class may be required. BIOL 404L is dual-listed with BIOL 604L . These courses will be taught together by the same instructor. Students may not receive credit for both. Three hours of laboratory.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 353 .
    Prerequisite(s)/Corequisite(s): BIOL 404 .
  
  • BIOL 411 - Animal Reproductive Physiology

    Units: 3
    Overview of the comparative structure and function of reproductive systems in animals, with in depth coverage of the reproductive physiology of select model species representing diverse taxa. Major topics will include sexual development, male and female reproductive cycles, gametogenesis, fertilization, implantation, gestation, birth, and lactation. Minor topics include mechanisms of environmental regulation of reproduction and applications of assisted reproductive technology. Course will emphasize evolution of diverse physiologic adaptations of the reproductive system. Field trip(s) during or outside of class (including weekends) may be required. Recommended Preparation: Recommended Preparation: BIOL 375 .

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 212  and BIOL 353  or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 411L - Animal Reproductive Physiology Laboratory

    Units: 1
    Provides hands-on exploration of the anatomy, histology and physiology of the male and female reproductive system in a wide variety of animal species, including laboratory animals, livestock and wildlife. Both preserved specimens and computer programs will be used in the course to explore the diversity of physiologic adaptations of the reproductive system in animals. Field trip(s) during or outside of class (including weekends) may be required. Recommended Preparation: Recommended Preparation: BIOL 375 .

    Prerequisite(s)/Corequisite(s): BIOL 411 .
  
  • BIOL 420 - Ecological Monitoring

    Units: 4
    An overview of the various approaches used to assess ecological condition (status) and change over time (trend) for ecosystems, vegetation types, populations, and biological communities. Lectures that provide conceptual understanding will be combined with hands-on practical exercises in the lab, so that students will be prepared to apply their knowledge to real-world conservation problems. BIOL 420 is dual-listed with BIOL 620 . These courses will be taught together by the same instructor. May not be taken for credit by students who have received credit for BIOL 620. Three hours lecture

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 215  and BIOL 354 .
  
  • BIOL 423 - Fish Physiology

    Units: 3
    Overview of comparative marine and freshwater fish ecology, biology and physiology. Strong focus on comparative physiology, supported by a focus on fishes from various habitats, including local California fishes and fishes that inhabit extreme environments on Earth. Provides overview of fish physiology, and links between environment, climate change, and evolutionary history. Includes embryonic development, cardiovascular system, respiration, responses to temperature, responses to hypoxia and anoxia, diversity of fishes, morphology, taxonomy, and anatomy. May not be taken for credit by students who have received credit for BIOL 486-7.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 353  with a minimum grade of C (2.0).
  
  • BIOL 423L - Fish Physiology Laboratory

    Units: 2


    Provide hands-on experience with experimental techniques in fish biology and physiology. Techniques on fish acclimation, respiration, thermal tolerance, anatomy, development, and enzyme activities. Includes multi-week experiments to assess phenotypic changes in fish physiology. Statistical analyses are performed and experimental results presented as reports.

      May not be taken for credit by students who have received credit for BIOL 487-2. One hour of discussion. Three hours laboratory.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 353  with a minimum grade of C (2.0).
    Corequisite(s): BIOL 423 .

  
  • BIOL 434 - Human Cardiovascular Physiology

    Units: 3
    Overview of human cardiovascular physiology. Strong focus on human physiology, supported by comparative animal models. Taught through combination of lectures and case studies, providing overview of cardiovascular biology, and links between environment, disease and cardiovascular physiology. Includes embryonic cardiovascular development, blood flow, blood pressure, cardiovascular neural regulation, cardiac morphology, hemodynamics, and cardiac disease. BIOL 434 is dual-listed with BIOL 634 . Students may not receive credit for both.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 353 .
  
  • BIOL 452 - Medical Genetics

    Units: 3
    The study of genetic principles as it relates to the practice of medicine. Emphasis will be placed on the diagnosis, treatments, and inheritance of genetic diseases, mapping of disease genes to their chromosome locations, study of the molecular genetics and pathogenesis of inherited disorders, and investigations of methods for gene therapy. A major goal for this course is to provide a foundation in medical genetics with emphasis on critical thinking skills including primary literature reviews and problem based learning of genetic disorders.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 212  and BIOL 352 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 456 - Molecular Medicine and Mechanisms of Disease

    Units: 3
    An in-depth analysis of molecular medicine and advances in the field taught through a combination of didactic methods and the use of case studies.  Includes basic principles of molecular medicine, discoveries in cellular and molecular mechanisms of disease, applications of clinical research, relevant subjects in biomedical ethics, and current developments in personalized medicine.  An overview of the process from basic science discover to therapeutic or vaccine approval is presented using practical aspects of specific case studies.  Lecture instruction may include determination of biomarkers for disease, detection and treatment of cancer, animal models of disease for pre-clinical studies, use of cell-based therapeutics, targeting of cellular signal transduction pathways and vaccine development. May not be taken for credit by students who have received credit for BIOL 396 -6, BIOL 486 -4, or BIOL 686 -4.

    Prerequisite(s): ONE of the following with a minimum grade of C (2.0) or consent of the instructor: BIOL 351  (or BIOL 351 course directive), BIOL 352  (or BIOL 352 course directive), BIOL 353  (or BIOL 353 course directive), BIOL 477 , BIOL 504 , BIOT 355  or BIOT 356 
  
  • BIOL 463 - Principles of Conservation Biology

    Units: 3
    An in-depth focus on the principles and practices of conservation and restoration ecology. Factors that affect the creation, destruction, and distribution of biological diversity are examined. Class discussions and assignments will focus on human destruction and degradation of habitats, invasive species introductions, accelerated species extinctions, pollution, global climate change, and species over-exploitation. The selection and maintenance of conservation areas will be explored, as well as the theory and methodology for restoring degraded habitats. BIOL 463 is dual-listed with BIOL 663 . These courses will be taught together by the same instructor. May not be repeated for credit by students who have received credit for BIOL 363. May not be taken for credit by students who have received credit for BIOL 663. Field trip(s) during or outside of class (including weekends) may be required.

    Prerequisite(s)/Corequisite(s): BIOL 354.
  
  • BIOL 476 - Neurobiology

    Units: 3
    Introduction to invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems, including anatomical organization. Focus on cellular/biochemical approaches to understanding neuronal development and functioning, synaptic transmission, the specificity of neuronal action and the complexity of nerve system functioning.

    Prerequisite(s)/Corequisite(s): BIOL 353 , or enrollment in Master of Science in Biology Program.
  
  • BIOL 477 - Immunology

    Units: 3
    Study of the mammalian immune system at the molecular and cellular level. Mechanisms of immunology, such as generation of unique receptor specificities, transduction of signals through T and B cell receptors, programmed cell death and lymphocyte selection, regulation of responses by growth factors and cytokines, and cell-cell interactions, are explored. The course perspectives includes historical and technological aspects of modern immunobiology.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 351  or BIOT 355 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 477L - Immunology Lab

    Units: 1
    As a complementary course to Immunology (BIOL 477 ), this technique-oriented course will cover modern immunological assays and methodologies. Specific techniques covered in detail include hemagluttination, ELISAs, immunoprecipitation and Western blot assays. A section on animal handling, targeting animal research ethics, rodent handling and tissue dissection will be explored. Students will also be exposed to immunological database and algorithmic tools in a bioinformation unit.

    Prerequisite(s)/Corequisite(s): BIOL 477 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 480 - Bioinformatics

    Units: 4
    An overview of the field of bioinformatics, which lies at the crossroads between the fields of molecular biology and computer science, and examines the structure and function of genes, proteins, and whole genomes through the use of computation analysis, statistics, and pattern recognition. A combination of lecture/class discussions and hands-on instruction in the use of, and theory behind bioinformatics algorithms/software used in genome analysis will be presented. Three hours of lecture

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 351 , or BIOL 352  or BIOT 355 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 486 - Topics in Advanced Biology

    Units: 1-3
    Selected advanced topics in Biological Sciences with emphasis on current problems and advances in sub-disciplines of biology. Note: There may be other prerequisites depending on topic. Students should check the Class Schedule for listing of actual topics.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210  and BIOL 211 , or enrollment in Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 487 - Topics in Advanced Biology

    Units: 1
    Advanced laboratory experience that explores phenomena and techniques in the biological sciences. Note: There may be other prerequisites depending on topic. Note: There may be corequisites if companion lecture is offered. Students should check the Class Schedule for listing of actual topics.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 210  and BIOL 211 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 488 - Seminar in Biomedical Research

    Units: 2
    Provides a foundation in biomedical research and effective communication practices for students preparing for biomedical research careers. Integrates disciplinary approaches to biomedical research around fundamental principles and practices of scientific method, research ethics and responsible conduct, and the organization of scientific inquiry in institutions of higher learning. Subject matter will change each semester. May be repeated, but no more than four (4) units of credit may be applied to the Biological Sciences major. Enrollment Restrictions: Enrollment restricted to students who have obtained consent of instructor.

  
  • BIOL 489 - Introduction to Laboratory/Field Research

    Units: 2
    A research project in the laboratory or field, generated in collaboration with a faculty member. May be repeated, but no more than four (4) units of credit may be applied to the major. Enrollment Restrictions: Enrollment restricted to students who have obtained consent of instructor.

  
  • BIOL 495 - Internship in Biology

    Units: 3
    Career-related laboratory and/or field experience in private industry and public agencies. All participants utilize learning agreements. A final written report is required. Students will be supervised both on site and by the course instructor. Includes participation in a one hour seminar each week. The learning agreement form must be completed and signed prior to enrollment. May be repeated for a maximum of six (6) units, but only three (3) units can be applied toward the major. Enrollment Restrictions: Enrollment restricted to students who have obtained consent of instructor.

  
  • BIOL 496A - Supervised Laboratory Instruction

    Units: 1
    Experience for senior biology majors in the organization of and techniques for teaching a laboratory in biology. Includes individual supervision of directed teaching. A written report is required. May be repeated, but no more than two (2) units may be applied to the major. Enrollment Restrictions: Enrollment restricted to students who have obtained consent of instructor.

  
  • BIOL 496B - Supervised Laboratory Instruction

    Units: 2
    Experience for senior biology majors in the organization of and techniques for teaching a laboratory in biology. Includes individual supervision of directed teaching. A written report is required. May be repeated, but no more than two (2) units may be applied to the major. Enrollment Restrictions: Enrollment restricted to students who have obtained consent of instructor.

  
  • BIOL 498 - Senior Library Thesis

    Units: 2
    In-depth reading and researching of the literature on current issues in biology. The student must consult with a biology faculty member to decide on the topic and then produce a (approximately) 30-page paper with supporting citations that summarizes the current state of knowledge on the topic. May be repeated, but no more than two (2) units may be applied to the major. Enrollment Restrictions: Enrollment restricted to students who have obtained consent of instructor.

  
  • BIOL 499 - Senior Laboratory Thesis

    Units: 2
    Research project in the laboratory or field, generated in collaboration with a biology faculty member. May be repeated, but no more than two (2) units may be applied to the major. Enrollment Restrictions: Enrollment restricted to students who have obtained consent of instructor.

  
  • BIOL 502 - Population Genetics

    Units: 4
    Study of how populations evolve in response to demography and natural selection, to understand genetic diversity and variation. Includes a study of mutation, drift, neutral theory, migration, selection, structure and inbreeding. Lab includes a small-scale population genetics project, involving local flora and fauna. Lab covers DNA extraction, quality control, PCR, genotyping, sequencing, bioinformatics using R to address questions about evolutionary history and genomic diversity. Three hours of lecture. Three hours of laboratory.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 352  with a grade of C (2.0) or better, or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 503 - Modern Molecular Biology and Genomics

    Units: 4
    An introduction to modern application of molecular biology, including genomics. Specific topics covered will include genome sequencing, transcript profiling, genome-wide association studies, and large scale mutagenesis. Using the primary literature as a guide, the class explores both the technologies that underlie modern molecular biology and the impacts that current studies are having on our understanding of all biology, from agriculture to human disease. Accompanying laboratory provides students with hands-on experience in the analysis of genomic data sets.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 351  or BIOT 355 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 504 - Virology

    Units: 3
    A comparative survey of bacterial, animal and plant virus variations, including retroviruses and prions. Emphasis is placed upon the variations in structure, nucleic acid composition, and replication patterns. The relationship of viruses to disease is given serious consideration.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 351  or BIOT 355 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 505 - Physiological Ecology

    Units: 3
    Advanced exploration of the interactions between animals and their environment. Focuses on major life processes such as respiration, endothermy versus ectothermy, torpor, hibernation, and the physiological trade-offs between growth, storage, reproduction and survival. Physiological features of animals that permit them to live in extreme environments including the deep sea, deserts, boreal/polar regions, and caves will be discussed. Field trip(s) during or outside of class (including weekends) may be required.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 353 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 512 - Physiology of Aging

    Units: 3
    Examines changes in animal physiology that occurs during aging. Subjects include evolutionary and proximate causes of aging, physiological mechanisms proposed to explain aging, and methods to study and to manipulate rate of aging (e.g. caloric restriction). Both theoretical concepts and empirical examples will be addressed.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 353 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 512L - Physiology of Aging Laboratory

    Units: 1
    Provides hands-on experience in techniques currently used to study physiological changes during aging. Students will design and perform experiments that demonstrate central topics of the biology of aging. Exact labs will change as the field of biogerontology develops, but may include experiments to test effects of caloric restriction, trade-offs between reproduction and longevity, declines in physiological systems with age, and cellular resistance to oxidative stress. Model organisms will typically include small rodents, insects, and nematode worms.

    Prerequisite(s)/Corequisite(s): BIOL 512 .
  
  • BIOL 513 - Ecology of Parasitism

    Units: 3
    Parasites have regulatory effects on host populations, impart significant economic impact, and are sensitive indicators of pollution as well as other natural and anthropogenic effects. Examines the interaction of parasites with their hosts. The host-parasite interaction creates a unique physiological and genetic system as both host and parasite adjust and adapt to the pressures imposed by the other. Modes of parasitism, life cycles, mechanisms of infection, alteration of host behavior, and novel physiological pathways will be examined as a biological arms race is waged between genetically distinct organisms.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 354 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 514 - Physiology of Parasitism

    Units: 3
    Examines the physiology of hosts and parasites including how host physiology affects its susceptibility to parasites and subsequent host response to infection. Explores how parasite physiology influences their ability to infect hosts. Subjects will range from whole animal metabolism and immune response to specific biochemical pathways that change during parasitism. Both theoretical concepts and empirical examples will be addressed.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 353 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 514L - Physiology of Parasitism Lab

    Units: 1
    Provides hands-on experience in techniques currently used to study host-parasite physiology. Students will design and perform experiments that illustrate central topics of host-parasite associations. Subjects will change as the field develops, but may include studies of susceptibility, infection intensity, time to clear parasites and physiological effects of parasites on host life history. Focuses mainly on macroparasites and their vertebrate and invertebrate hosts.

    Prerequisite(s)/Corequisite(s): BIOL 514 .
  
  • BIOL 515 - Medical Physiology

    Units: 3
    An advanced study of human physiology, particularly as it relates to disease. Examines physiological systems at the molecular, cellular and organ levels. Consists of lectures, student reviews of current articles from medical journals, group presentations, and class discussions designed as an in-depth examination of a particular disease, its causes and current treatments. Subjects will be organized around physiological systems and their defects.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 353 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 520 - Advanced Molecular Cell Biology

    Units: 3
    Treatment of contemporary areas of interest in cell biology, molecular genetics, and development. Subjects covered may include, but are not limited to, the cell cycle, signal transduction and cell-cell communication, the regulation of gene expression, determination and differentiation, and oncogenes. Recommended Preparation: Recommended Preparation: BIOL 368  and CHEM 304.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 351  and BIOL 352 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 531 - Biological Data Analysis I — Linear Models

    Units: 3
    A large fraction of common statistical analysis types in the biological sciences can be expressed as a linear model. Teaches students to use linear models to statistically analyze data, and emphasizes the conceptual unity of seemingly disparate analytical techniques. Specific analysis types will include: analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, linear regression, logistic regression, and log linear models. New advances in likelihood-based model selection will also be addressed. Additional subjects will be selected by students.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 215 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 532 - Biological Data Analysis II — Multivariate Analysis

    Units: 3
    From molecular biology to ecosystem studies, technology is facilitating collection of large, multivariate biological data sets. Multivariate analyses seek to simplify, summarize, and test hypotheses about these complex data sets. Addresses major issues in multivariate analysis, and will introduce students to common analysis types and visualization approaches. Subjects covered will include: principal components analysis, discriminant analysis, canonical correlation, and redundancy analysis. Additional subjects will be selected by students based on their needs and interests.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 215 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 533 - Geographic Information Systems Applications in Landscape Ecology

    Units: 4
    Explores how landscape structure and pattern affect ecological processes, at the individual, population, community, and ecosystem levels. Applications to land use planning and conservation biology will be covered. The primary enabling technologies for this new, rapidly growing discipline include remote sensing (such as satellite imagery) and geographic information systems (GIS), which will be covered during a weekly lab session.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 354 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 535 - Ecological Modeling

    Units: 3
    An introduction to the use and development of mathematical models for simulating dynamics of ecological systems. Ecological theory will be considered through the development of mathematical models. Models developed for simulating the effects of abiotic and biotic controls on ecological processes include continuous-and discrete-time population models, “gap” models, cellular automata, fisheries, and biogeochemical and biogeographical models.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 354 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 536 - Biogeochemical Cycles and Global Change

    Units: 3
    Biological, chemical, and physical processes controlling the transport and transformation of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and trace metals in natural ecosystems and at the global level. Global models of the major elemental and hydrologic cycles are discussed, with emphasis on the linkages between cycles and the effects of human perturbations.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 354 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 537 - Microbial Physiology

    Units: 3
    Current concepts and research involving the interactions of microorganisms with their environment, particularly those environments affecting human health. Demonstrates the interrelatedness of microbial ecology and medical microbiology. The course will 1 present modern experimental techniques used in conducting these interdisciplinary studies; 2 emphasize unusual bacteria pathways and cell signaling mechanisms found across the Bacteria, Archea and Eukarya, and (3) discuss the roles of microbial physiology in parthogenesis and the biotechnology industry.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 351  or BIOL 367 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 540 - Molecular Methods in Ecology and Evolution

    Units: 3
    Theory and practical application of modern molecular tools to identify and study ecological and evolutionary relationships. Two hours lecture

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 352 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 560 - Seminar in Molecular Cell Biology

    Units: 2
    Readings from the original literature, discussions, and writing on selected current subjects in cell and molecular biology. May be repeated with new content for a maximum of four (4) units toward the Master’s degree.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 351 , BIOL 351  or BIOT 355 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 561 - Seminar in Genetics

    Units: 2
    Readings from the original literature, discussions, and writing on selected current subjects in genetics. May be repeated with new content for a maximum of four (4) units toward the Master’s degree.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 352  for undergraduates, or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 563 - Seminar in Physiology

    Units: 2
    Readings from the original literature, discussions, and writing on selected current subjects in physiology. May be repeated with new content for a maximum of four (4) units toward the Master’s degree.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 353  for undergraduates, or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 564 - Seminar in Evolution

    Units: 2
    Readings from the original literature, discussions, and writing on selected current subjects in evolution. May be repeated with new content for a maximum of four (4) units toward the Master’s degree.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 212  for undergraduates, or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 565 - Seminar in Ecology

    Units: 2
    Readings from the original literature, discussions, and writing on selected current subjects in ecology. May be repeated with new content for a maximum of four (4) units toward the Master’s degree.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 354  for undergraduates, or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 566 - Seminar in Aquatic Biology

    Units: 2
    Readings from the original literature, discussions, and writing on selected current subjects in aquatic biology. May be repeated with new content for a maximum of four (4) units toward the Master’s degree.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 354  for undergraduates, or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 576 - Laboratory Experience in Neurobiology

    Units: 1
    Provides hands-on experience using the latest techniques in neurophysiology. Students will record intracellular signals in neurons using an invertebrate model nervous system. Students will gain experience in physiological and anatomical techniques.

    Prerequisite(s)/Corequisite(s): BIOL 476 , or enrollment in the Biological Sciences graduate program.
  
  • BIOL 596 - Advanced Topics in Biology

    Units: 1-3
    Advanced study of selected biological topics based on current problems or advances, and as demand warrants. Students should check the Class Schedule for listing of actual topics and course prerequisites.

  
  • BIOL 597 - Advanced Topics in Biology Lab

    Units: 1
    Laboratory in selected advanced topics in biology. Topics based on current problems or advances, and as demand warrants. Students should check the Class Schedule for listing of actual topics and prerequisites.

  
  • BIOL 600 - Scientific Communication

    Units: 3
    Practical experience in the preparation of written, oral, and poster presentations in the biological sciences. Students will also actively take part in the peer review process commonly used to evaluate the scientific and technical merits of research proposals. Final products may include formal grant (NSF or NIH) and thesis proposals. May not be taken for credit by students who have received credit for BIOL 610 or 611. Enrollment Restrictions: Enrollment restricted to students in the Biological Sciences graduate program.

  
  • BIOL 604 - Advanced Developmental Physiology

    Units: 3
    An in-depth analysis of developmental physiology concepts, including how animal function develops, the influence of the environment on development, and developmental origins of disease. Covers the basics of developmental biology, the link between development, physiology and evolution, the interaction between the environment and physiology during development, phenotypic plasticity, and the development of physiological systems. Readings from the primary literature will deepen appreciation for how developmental physiology can inform many biological fields. BIOL 604 is dual-listed with BIOL 404 .  These courses will be taught together by the same instructor. Students may not receive credit for both. Enrollment Restrictions: Enrollment restricted to students in the Biological Sciences graduate program.

  
  • BIOL 604L - Advanced Developmental Physiology Lab

    Units: 1
    Provides hands-on experience with experimental techniques for examining developmental physiology across a range of animal groups. Will cover techniques in how to examine, stage and rear developing animals, assess phenotypic responses to altered environmental conditions, perform ecotoxicological assays, and measure morphology and physiology. Will include multi-week experiments to assess changes in physiology during development. Statistical analyses will be performed and experimental results will be presented in written and oral forms. Field trip(s) during or outside of class may be required. BIOL 604L is dual-listed with BIOL 404L .These courses will be taught together by the same instructor. Students may not receive credit for both. Enrollment Restrictions: Enrollment restricted to students in the Biological Sciences graduate program. Three hours of laboratory.

    Prerequisite(s)/Corequisite(s): BIOL 604 .
  
  • BIOL 620 - Advanced Ecological Monitoring

    Units: 4
    An overview of the various approaches used to assess ecological condition (status) and change over time (trend) for ecosystems, vegetation types, populations, and biological communities. Lectures that provide conceptual understanding will be combined with hands-on practical exercises in the lab, so that students will be prepared to apply their knowledge to real-world conservation problems. Readings from the primary literature will explore the challenges and controversies involved in ecological monitoring. BIOL 620 is dual-listed BIOL 420 . These courses will be taught together by the same instructor. May not be taken for credit by students who have received credit for BIOL 420 . Enrollment Restrictions: Enrollment restricted to students in the Biological Sciences graduate program. Three hours lecture

  
  • BIOL 634 - Advanced Human Cardio Physiology

    Units: 3
    In-depth analysis of human cardiovascular physiology. Strong focus on human physiology, supported by comparative animal models. Taught through combination of lectures and case studies, providing overview of cardiovascular biology, and links between environment, disease and cardiovascular physiology. Specific topics include embryonic cardiovascular development, blood flow, blood pressure, cardiovascular neural regulation, cardiac morphology, hemodynamics, and cardiac disease. Students will be required to read peer-reviewed literature and write an expanded academic paper on a heart physiology topic. BIOL 634 is dual-listed with BIOL 434 . Students may not receive credit for both. Enrollment Restrictions: Enrollment restricted to students in the Biological Sciences graduate program.

  
  • BIOL 656 - Advanced Molecular Medicine

    Units: 3
    Advanced understanding of molecular medicine and recent advances in the field taught through a combination of didactic methods and the use of case studies. Includes advanced principles of molecular medicine, modern discoveries in cellular and molecular mechanisms of disease, applications of clinical research, relevant topics in biomedical ethics, and current developments in personalized medicine.  We will approach these subjects from the perspective of evaluating the process of therapeutic or vaccine approval from bench to bedside. May not be taken by students who have received credit for  BIOL 686 -4. Enrollment Restrictions: Enrollment restricted to students with graduate standing.

  
  • BIOL 663 - Advanced Principles of Conservation Biology

    Units: 3
    An in-depth focus on the principles and practices of conservation and restoration ecology. Factors that affect the creation, destruction, and distribution of biological diversity are examined. Class discussions and assignments will focus on human destruction and degradation of habitats, invasive species introductions, accelerated species extinctions, pollution, global climate change, and species over-exploitation. The selection of maintenance of conservation areas will be explored, as well as the theory and methodology for restoring degraded habitats. BIOL 663 is dual-listed with BIOL 463 . These courses will be taught together by the same instructor.  May not be taken for credit by students who have received credit for BIOL 363 or BIOL 463. Enrollment Restrictions: Enrollment restricted to students in the Biological Sciences graduate program.

  
  • BIOL 683 - Tropical Ecology

    Units: 3
    A survey of the unmanaged and managed tropical terrestrial ecosystem and the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors that affect tropical ecosystem structure and function. Emphasis will be on the community dynamics and biogeochemical cycling of tropical ecosystems, and how these processes are affected by land-use and land-cover change. BIOL 683 is dual-listed with BIOL 383 . These courses will be taught together by the same instructor. May not be taken for credit by students who have received credit for BIOL 383. Enrollment Restrictions: Enrollment restricted to students in the Biological Sciences graduate program who have not received credit for BIOL 383 . Enrollment Requirements: Enrollment requirements: BIOL 212  and BIOL 354 .

  
  • BIOL 685 - Internship in Biology Instruction

    Units: 2
    Supervised instruction in a laboratory course in the biological sciences. May be repeated, but no more than two (2) units may be applied toward the 30 units in the Master’s degree. Enrollment Restrictions: Enrollment restricted to students in the Biological Sciences graduate program.

 

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